Economy and History Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economy and History Questions - Essay Example As a president, this is certainly something that would require intense wisdom and counseling, knowing the gravity of its impact on humanity in general. I would most probably hold back several times and acknowledge other moral measures instead to negotiate with the enemy more rationally as I ponder on the long-term effects bombing would incur upon my countrymen who run the risk of suffering the vengeance of my enemies. If the latter decide to form allies with other nations in great power that might act and respond with conspiracy to paralyze my economy and cause anxiety at threatening my people is another aspect I suppose I need to take into significant consideration. Economy Considering all the options John Powell had in mind and the attitude of looking forward to his retirement and being consistent with his basic objective which is merely to meet the financial concerns of his family with adequacy, it would be wise to reevaluate the options and priorities with fresh insights from his children. Since Powell’s sons have had experience in PLI operations for more than two decades, they might have gained ample confidence and knowledge to determine factors that affect the growth of the company as well as how to manipulate variables in direct association to economic trend to the optimum in seeking direction that leads to remedies and recovery to generating improved revenues for the company.

Social Justice Essay Example for Free

Social Justice Essay Social justice is defined as justice exercised within a society, particularly as it is exercised by and among the various social classes of that society. A socially just society is defined by its advocates and practioners as being based on the principles of equality and solidarity; this pedagogy also maintains that the socially just society both understands and values human rights, as well as recognizing the dignity of every human being.[1][2] The Constitution of the International Labour Organization affirms that universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice. [3] Furthermore, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action treats social justice as a purpose of the human rights education.[4] The term and modern concept of social justice was coined by the Jesuit Luigi Taparelli in 1840 based on the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas and given further exposure in 1848 by Antonio Rosmini-Serbati.[1][2][5][6][7] The phrase has taken on a very controverted and variable meaning, depending on who is using it. The idea was elaborated by the moral theologian John A. Ryan, who initiated the concept of a living wage. Father Coughlin also used the term in his publications in the 1930s and the 1940s. It is a part of Catholic social teaching, the Protestants Social Gospel, and is one of the Four Pillars of the Green Party upheld by green parties worldwide. Social justice as a secular concept, distinct from religious teachings, emerged mainly in the late twentieth century, influenced primarily by philosopher John Rawls. Some tenets of social justice have been adopted by those on the left of the political spectrum. The Filipino value system or Filipino values refers to the set of values or the value system that a majority of the Filipino have historically held important in their lives. This Philippine value system includes their own unique assemblage of consistent ideologies, moral codes, ethical practices, etiquette, and cultural and personal values that are promoted by their society. As with any society though, the values that an individual holds sacred can differ on the basis of religion, upbringin g and other factors. As a general description, the distinct value system of Filipinos is rooted primarily in personal alliance systems, especially those based in kinship, obligation, friendship, religion (particularly Christianity), and commercial relationships.[1] Social Justice in the Liberal State [1] is a book written by Bruce A. Ackerman, recipient of the French Order of Merit,[2] Sterling Professor of Law and Political  Science at Yale, and the author of fifteen books that have had a broad influence in political philosophy, constitutional law, and public policy.[3] The book is an essay in political philosophy,[2] a new view of the theoretical foundations of liberalism that will challenge us to clarify our own implicit notions of liberal democracy. [4] Ackerman addresses the positive case for a liberalism that glorifies neither the state bureaucracy nor the private market. References to the sphere of relations among states are few, but the breadth of the attack on the fundamental issues of man and society is impressive.[5] To Ackerman, liberalism is a kind of structured conversation in which verbal negotiation among those with differing visions of the good life is an alternative to the exercise of naked power.[6] Ackerman has mounted a profound challenge to contract thinking. It works, crudely, on the idea that the premises of a course of contract reasoning can be manipulated so as to yield (more or less) any conclusion that the theorist has some antecedent interest in producing.[7] The social contract is the contract which would be confirmed by the entire population, under ideal conditions, after perfect and complete consideration.[8] Ackerman has offered a suggestion for determining whether any persons among a genetically diverse group are genetically disadvantaged. His suggestion is that, to be genetically undominated, a person must possess a set of abilities that permit him to pursue some life purpose that some persons have, with as much facility as any other person is able to pursue that life purpose. And Ackerman asserts that every person has a right to be genetically undominated.[9] The privatization of religious convictions is also strongly defended. Ackerman argues for a maximal separation doctrine in that religion does not have an appropriate place in the public realm of a liberal democracy.[10] The book also briefly suggests [11] responsive lotteries,[12] prototypes of lottery voting as a way to decide issues, but leaves the question hanging in the air, inviting others to devote more serious thought to lottery voting.[11] Labor to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire, called conscience.George Washington The glow of one warm thought is to me worth more than money. Thomas Jefferson Activism without spirituality is just an angry mob. Sharing the truth and  shining a light on corruption is only the first step. We must also be brave enough to look within and search for that which we can align with, a solution. Working toward what we want VS being angry at what we dont want. It is time to take responsibility for our thoughts and how we reside on this world. Bernard Alvarez 1. Open your heart. Don’t let life make you cold and callous. Remember that to truly enjoy life you have to be open to the reality that sometimes it hurts too. Keep opening your heart to love. 2. Give sincere compliments. I’ve blogged before about how our society is so critical that people often don’t even know how to receive compliments. I’m not suggesting you go around throwing out so many compliments that they become meaningless, but sometimes letting someone know that you notice them in a positive way is exactly what that person needed—and that positivity will come back to you. 3. Put effort into life. My husband often says that people have a sense of entitlement, that they think they’re owed success or happiness. Guess what? You’re not. The reality is that life isn’t fair; happiness often takes working at having a positive outlook and mindset and worthwhile success comes from effort. However, I truly believe that God, the universe, or whatever you believe in, helps people that help themselves. 4. Be honest, but not hurtful. Honesty should be your only policy, but not when this honesty serves to make you feel better while hurting someone else. Learn when to be open and forthright—and when to keep your yapper shut. 5. Sing. Yes, sing. Singing clears our energy and brings lightness to our hearts. It really doesn’t matter if you’re a good singer. Just close the door, turn on your favorite song and belt out a tune—I promise you’ll feel invigorated. 6. Play. Every single day you should be doing something fun. Even if you have the  craziest day at work or your kids are sick, there’s always one minute to joke and laugh with your spouse, to read a few pages of an inspiring book or to simply play along with your children (trust me, kids know how to have fun). Even making dinner can be enjoyable—if you have the right attitude. 7. Drink water. I love water—a lot. If you don’t like water, too bad, drink it anyway. 8. Quit reading the news. All right, I’m certainly not saying that we should become uneducated drones, but how often do you read unnecessarily damaging headlines—about depressing things that you can’t change or that don’t really affect you—and you feel like crap afterwards? So stop. Put down your phone or the TV remote and, I don’t know, sing a song instead. 9. Hug. Hugging is so underrated. Hugs help you become happy and relaxed almost instantly. Too often the people that we love become ordinary faces that we don’t spend enough time loving in basic human ways, like hugging. 10. Forgive. Almost every day presents us with challenging people or situations. These people and opportunities are put in our way because they serve to make us better people—if we allow it. So stop carrying old baggage around, and open yourself to the notion that every minute provides you the chance to start again—regardless of the date. Let yourself move forward—without the weight of burdens that don’t serve your best self. While I don’t believe in New Year’s resolutions, I definitely do believe that every day can bring us closer to our highest, happiest selves; so consider trying these 10 small things on a regular basis—because it’s these little steps that get you where you want to be. Social Work combines the insight of psychology with the reality of the world in which people function. As social workers we influence the direction of peoples lives through exploring those connections. Psychology is a science. Social Work is the application of that science in the context of the person and where that person is in their life. social justice is defined as justice exercised within a society, particularly as it is exercised by and among the various social classes of  that society. A socially just society is defined by its advocates and practioners as being based on the principles of equality and solidarity; this pedagogy also maintains that the socially just society both understands and values human rights, as well as recognizing the dignity of every human being. The Constitution of the International Labour Organization affirms that universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice. Furthermore, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action treats social justice as a purpose of the human rights education. The term and modern concept of social justice was coined by the Jesuit Luigi Taparelli in 1840 based on the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas and given further exposure in 1848 by Antonio Rosmini-Serbati. The phrase has taken on a very controverted and variable meaning, depending on who is using it. The idea was elaborated by the moral theologian John A. Ryan, who initiated the concept of a living wage. Father Coughlin also used the term in his publications in the 1930s and the 1940s. It is a part of Catholic social teaching, the Protestants Social Gospel, and is one of the Four Pillars of the Green Party upheld by green parties worldwide. Social justice as a secular concept, distinct from religious teachings, emerged mainly in the late twentieth century, influenced primarily by philosopher John Rawls. Some tenets of social justice have been adopted by those on the left of the political spectrum. The Filipino value system arises from our culture or way of life, our distinctive way of becoming human in this particular place and time. We speak of Filipino values in a fourfold sense. First, although mankind shares universal human values, it is obvious that certain values take on for us a distinctively Filipino flavor. Secondly, when we speak of Filipino values, we do not mean that elements of these Filipino values are absent in the value systems of other peoples and cultures. All people eat, talk and sing, but they eat different foods, speak various languages and sing different songs. Thus, we easily recognize Filipino, American, Chinese, Japanese or any other foreign food, language or music. The difference lies in the way these elements are ranked, combined or emphasized so that they take on a distinctively Filipino slant or cast. For instance, in China, honesty and hard work may rank highest; Chinese and Japanese cultures give great value  to politeness and beauty; American culture to promptness and efficiency; and Filipino culture to trust in God and family centeredness. In this sense of value-ranking and priority of values, we can speak of dominant Filipino values. Thirdly, universal human values in a Filipino context (historical, cultural, socio-economic, political, moral and religious) take on a distinctive set of Filipino meanings and motivations. This is true not only of the aims and goals, beliefs, convictions, and social principles of the traditional value system of the lowland rural family but also of what Fr. Horacio de la Costa, S.J. calls the Filipino nationalistic tradition(pagsasarili,pagkakaisa,pakikisama, pakikipagkapwa-tao, and pagkabayani.) A Filipino value or disvalue does not exist alone, in isolation or in a vacuum. Filipino values like bahala na, utang na loob, hiya, pakikisama, pakius ap are clustered around core values like social acceptance, economic security, social Moral, values and ethics define who we are and what we believe. Culture, religion, and many other things affect our beliefs. One uses various types of ethics when surrounded by different groups. Knowing between right and wrong is a good foundation to practice goo ethics and morals. These things make morals, ethics and values important in society. many factors can contribute to what we think is morally right or wrong. Religion, for example, may create a barrier on to what extent we do something. Some religions set rules, or guidelines on which they limit what we do. Cultures as well contribute to people’s decisions. Many times our values and ethics disagree with different people who hold different views and beliefs. This has become evident with one of the most well – known religion in China – Confucianism. Although it is not considered as an organized religion, it teaches how we should live our lives. Kung Fu Tzu, also known as Confucius, who founded the philosophy believed that his society could be saved only if it emphasized in sincerity in personal and public conduct. This is due to the sorrowful fact that during his time constant warfare existed that extended through the surrounding states from where he was. Chinese society had been altered due to rapid political change, leading to people simply ignoring the set standards of social behavior. Confucius  feared that this would ultimately lead to the destruction of his society, and felt it was necessary to act as soon as possible if there was to be any hope to stop this impending self-destruction of his society. Confucian teachings served as a guide to conduct that not only influenced his people but also his wisdom has considerably spread in other countries. Everyone has their own set of values, â€Å"socially shared conceptions of what is good, desirable, and proper or bad.† Our values influence our orientations, actions, reactions, and interpretations,.

The Effects of Divorce on Children :: essays research papers

The Effects of Divorce on Children Divorce is a process that many people in America go through. The divorce rate continues to escalate over the years. Divorce is a serious problem, it is a gradual process that ultimately results in families breaking up. There are various factors in which a marriage can fail and end up in divorce. Some skip the step of trying to reconcile things and make it work. In some cases it is easy for a divorce to take place. For instance, in cases where both parties are in agreement and have no children it is easier to handle a divorce. But in the cases where children are present, what happens to the kids? Both parents are at each others throats or one is devastated from the rejection, what role does the child play? It is a hard thing to cope with as an adult imagine as a little one or even a teenager, it affects them in more ways than anyone can imagine. It can affect them both physically and emotionally. The effects of divorce are immense, it permanently weakens the bond or relationship betwe en a child and his parents. Can lead to them reaching out or looking to others for attention, causing poor attitudes, low self esteem, dropping grades, loss of virginity, use of drugs and or weapons, or in some cases mutilation of the body. There are various effects that children have to deal with that maybe extremely hard to cope with. One parent may say one thing yet the other disagrees and makes it impossible for the child to have a stable relationship with both of them. Children need both biological parents at their side to be guardians and counselors in their lives, to be examples of what they need to do to become outstanding citizens in our community.

Marxism and Religion Essay -- Essays Papers

Marxism and Religion Throughout Karl Marx’s life he was not thought to be anything special, just a regular working man, but in reality Marx was a â€Å"philosopher, a journalist, an economist, a historian, and a moralist.†[1] Even with all of this hard work most people did not think that he would amount to much. Little did most of the people who lived during Marx’s lifetime know how big of an impact he would have on the world within the next century. Karl Marx, the philosopher, had to have one of the biggest impacts on the world to this day. Marx’s most well known following came from the Communist nation the Soviet Union. The Soviets believed in all of his philosophical writing and thoughts of religion. Not only did people back then believe him, but also his teachings are studied and followed by many people today. Karl Marx’s basic idea of religion is that there is â€Å"no need to deal extensively with religious phenomena.†[2] Karl Marx felt that there was nothing to be â€Å"distinguished between religious belief and superstition.†[3] In Marx’s writings and teaching he has a sort of war with different religions who disagree with his teachings. In Marxist teaching there are many levels in which debate occurs between Marxism and religion, such as, individually, within the family atmosphere, and in society at a national and international level. At an individual level there are many arguments that Marxism has for religion and vice versa. A very dominant principle of Marxism is that â€Å"the Communist can recognize no religion except his anti-religious doctrine.†[4] Any religion would recognize this to be one of the most offensive statements ever. It is obvious for anyone to see right away why ... ...d most, if not all, religious beliefs are not harmonious with the Marxist science.[13] Also, there are many different problems that occur within the different levels that have been discussed here. The major problem that religious believers have with Marxists is the Marxist idea that Communism is above God. There is not now, nor will any religion ever bow down to a government, because of their strong belief of God as a Supreme Being. While there are a few goals of Marxism and religion that are the same there is no way in which one has room for the other, because of the means of attaining these goals are so different. Marxism and religion will always have to be separate because they both have such strong ideas that they will not let go of and different ways of attaining their goals, but they will both continue to exist because of the varied beliefs of individuals.

Organization Behaviour Case Study

Executive summaryIn this report, a case of Morgan-Moe’s drug stores will be studied. The company is suffering from a difficult economy situation, with stores being downsized and employees being dismissed. There is a huge problem concerning employee motivations. Therefore, the human resource team decided to change the management system, and they had conducted an experiment to test five newly designed programs. The outcome is analyzed based on sales revenues and employment turnover rate, and the most effective programs are selected accordingly.At the same time, critical thinking is applied in this report. The process of the experiment is reviewed, and several factors are added into the consideration. Meanwhile, both practical and theoretical information is provided relating to the changing workforce, the importance of goal and directions, the construction of organizational culture, the employ involvement and empowerment, the changing resistance, as well as the justice and fairne ss of work place. Through these further analyses, a more comprehensive management system is suggested to Morgan-Moe’s drug company.Background informationMorgan-Moe’s drug stores used to be the leading company in the retail industry with the firm owning hundreds of stores. However, there has been a dramatic declining in revenues recently based on a sharp decrease in the region’s manufacturing economy. The company used to consider high-margin items as their major product, but they have to switch their focus on low-margin commodities, and therefore the profit has been fallen rapidly. Out of frustration, the company has to cut down the number of stores, and dismiss the employees.As the business going worse, there are some negative influences on the employees. Because of the insecurity of their jobs, employees had formed a pessimistic attitude against their daily work. Besides, the lack of advanced notice and communication, as well as the unsatisfied severance paymen ts for departing employees, had caused the laid-off employees to have a radical emotion of angry. In this way, the working efficient of the daily operation was weakened, and the public image of the company has also been damaged.To deal with the changes and to solve those problems, Jim Claussen, vice president of Human Relations, determined to set a new direction for the company, and the human resource management team decided to transform their performance management system. In order to come up the most effective management system, the HR team had come up with five options for the company, and each individual manager of the store is able to choose the most appropriate approach for their management purposes. An experiment had been conducted, and the results are analyzed in details in the following report.Experiment approachAs mentioned above, there are five programs designed for this experiment (listed in the following table), and those programs can be considered as the variables. Pro gram one is designed to be the same as the previous system, with sharing little or no information; program two and three provide employees with information that is controllable (sick leave) or uncontrollable (sales and inventory replacement); and program four and five engage employees into the decision making process with employees providing suggestions for a better performance.Program No. ContentProgram 1Continues to stay the course and providing employees with little to no information or opportunities for participation.Program 2Tracks employee absence and sick leave and shares that information with individual employees, giving them feedback.Program 3Tracks sales and inventory replacement rates across shiftsProgram 4Tracks the same information as Programs II and III. Managers communicate it in weekly bases, during which employees make suggestions for improving performanceProgram 5Keeps the idea of brainstorming, but doesn’t provide employees with information about their beha vior or company profits To achieve a comprehensive analysis of this experiment, we need to identify what the independent and dependent variables are. According to Sechrest (1982), independent variables refer to factors of input which are able to be controlled, while dependent variable indicates the output or outcome which is determined by the dependent variable.In this case, the independent variables rely on both the management and employee perspectives. Analyzing from the management perspective, the information sharing level, the empowerment level and management style will all have an influence on the outcomes. On the other hand, factors of employees should also be considered as independent variables. For example, the employment age, their positions in the company, the working condition or location will all affect the experiment results.Our dependent variables focus on the outcome of those programs that we want to measure, and it can be classified as the average turnover rate, the sales profit, and the monthly staff cost time. Those dependent variables are determined by the independent variables, and the change of each independent variable will have an influence on the dependent variables and experiment outcomes.Finding and discussionThe experiment was conducted within 299 retail stores, and the results are listed in the appendix. As can be observed, program four and five should be regarded as the most effective methods in generating revenues and reducing turnover.First, we will focus on the revenue and cost aspects. As listed in the  following chart, program one and two have a relatively low profit per month, which indicates that the sales revenue of stores using program one and two is lower than those applying program four and five. In other words, stores which engage employee into the decision making process are able to generate more sales revenues in general. It can be seen that employee’s suggestions could help the company to increase the profit and achieve a better performance.Even though program four and five had generated the highest revenue during the experiment, they also caused the highest cost of staff time. On the other hand, since program one did not need to make any changes, there will be no staff cost. Staff cost means that the employees had to take some of their regular working hours into the information sharing and brainstorm meeting, so that the opportunity cost of those hours must be considered as well. Therefore, we need to deduct those costs from the revenue to get the net profit for each program. As can be seen from the following chart of net profit, program four and five still have a relatively higher profit of $9,580 and $11,250 than the other programs after remove the staff time cost from the revenues.Another measurement is the employee turnover rate, which represents the percentage of employees who either quit or terminate their jobs. To maintain the experienced employees and to reduce the time cost o f training newly recruited members, it is better for the company to keep a lower employee turnover rate. According to the experiment result listed in the following chart, program four and five have a relatively lower rate of employee turnover of 17% and 21%.On the other side, program three has the highest turnover rate, following by program one. It can be figured out based on the results that a high level of employee engagement into the decision making process will have a positive influence to reduce the employee turnover rate. If the employee’s opinions and ideas are encouraged and respected in the company, they are more willing to dedicate themselves into their working process.As analyzed above, it is obvious that methods four and five are superior to the other methods, because they generated higher profits and lower employee turnover rates. On the contrary, program one is the least effective management system with regarding to a lower sales profit and a higher employee tur nover rate. In this way, the company should be encouraged to modify their current management system, and systems like program four and five should be promoted to engage the employees into the decision making process.However, there are some concerns regarding to the experimental approach. In this experiment, each manager was able to select the program which they think might be the most appropriate for the retail store. As can be seen in the following pie chart, almost one third of the managers choose program one which is to keep the status quo. Even though a relatively large number of managers choose not to change, it does not necessarily mean program one is a better solution. However, more than half of the managers are willing to bring changes into the organization and to offer empowerment to employees. Meanwhile, program four and five are approved to be the more effective methods based on the experiment results, so the majority of managers agreed with our conclusion.Based on variou s management styles, managers would have different preferences, and therefore it is possible that the decisions were made with personal biases. In this way, the impartiality of the experiment would be negatively affected. To monitor the fairness of the experiment, a randomly assigned strategy could be recommended instead of the self-selection process. Critical analysisApart from the data and information that has been collected in this experiment, there are some other issues for the managers to consider. It is universally known that the world is continuously changing, and if a company wants to be the leading organization in the rapidly changing environment, it has to be adaptive and creative to fit into the new situation.In this case, the manager had made his effort adapting to the current situation by designing the different programs. However, the requirement of  diversified workforce (Langton, 2012) should also be seen as one of the new realities. In is undeniable that the employ ment of experienced workforce is more dependable than young workers, because they have accumulated more professional knowledge about the work.However, in the current unpromising economic situation, the company might want to hire more diversified workforces. It will not only serve the different need of various customers, but also could generate more fresh ideas during the brainstorm meeting. Meanwhile, with diversified workforce, the employees will generally increase their skills and capabilities by sharing their knowledge.Apart from adapting to the changing situations, the organizational goal and direction are also essential when making organizational decisions and motivating employees. Specific and achievable goals could improve employee’s performance and help the management process. According to Langton (2012), a well-designed company goal is able to provide a direction for employee’s actions, regulate their behavior and efforts, as well as increase their persistence during their working process. Meanwhile, goals and directions are also able to stimulate the development of administrative strategies, and it will dramatically increase the motivation of employees. Accordingly, the Morgan-Moe’s drug stores should primarily design a specific goal to direct the employment behaviors.As Lencioni (2012) represented in his book, once a company has accomplished setting their mission and goals, which he refers to as the â€Å"clarity†, those directions must be emphasized and reinforced during the daily basis of the operation process. In other words, the tasks and jobs assigned to employees must be designed based on the major objective and goal of the company. Meanwhile, award and appreciation systems should be provided to employees to promote their motivations. Fairness and equity must be considered when offering employees rewards, and the rewards should be in alliance with organizational goals and personal performance.In addition to organiza tional goals and objectives, organizational culture and value should also be created as a core factor within the organization. A satisfying culture could get employees to be engaged into the organization,  and it will also have a positive influence in the employee’s job satisfactory level, which might lead to a higher level of motivation. As showed in the following chart (Round the Clock Resources, 2012), a sustainable organization should build up a solid system around an appropriate working culture, with other aspects constitute a framework guiding the business process.At the same time, employment involvement and empowerment strategies must be implemented within the organization. Those strategies suggest a company to move some of the power from managing level into the general employee level, which indicates that employees should be inspired and encouraged into the decision making process. Based on Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory (Langton, 2012), employees shoul d be given greater responsibilities and more power to plan and control their work, and their motivation would be increased.As in this experiment, program four and five are designed with empowerment activities, they engage employees into the brainstorm meeting to communicate the current situation and to generate ideas and suggestions of what they can do to for a better development of the company. Judging by the results, it is testified that giving employees more responsibility is able to improve the sales profit, reduce employment turnover rate and increase the overall performance level of the organization.When bring changes into an organization, not all employees are willing to embrace the transforming. There will be a resistance power caused by the fear of the unknown and uncertain future. As Torben Rick (2011) illustrates with his â€Å"change cycle†, employees will experience several stages before they finally accept the conditions.During the changing process, it is signif icant for managers to have a clear communication with the employees, and the directions must be clear and precise, so that the employees understand the current situation and their expectations. Meanwhile, managers must be fair and impartial to maintain the organizational justice, in which way a satisfied working environment could  be established, and the employees are trusted and they will be more committed to the organization. Conclusion and recommendationAccording to the experiment results, program four and five are considered to be most effective because they are able to generate relatively higher net profits and lower employment turnover rates. It means a regular brain storm meeting is beneficial for the improvement of organizational performance and employment engagement. Therefore, managers should actively encourage employees to be involved into the decision making process.However, considering the current business situation, the managers should also embrace more diversified w orkforce, and different kinds of employees should be hired. Besides, a clear goal and direction should also be created by the management level to guide the behavior of employees. Apart from that, a favorable organizational culture should also be established to form an instructional working environment. At the same time, actions of employ involvement and empowerment should also be taken to increase motivation and employment responsibilities. During the management process, organizational justice and fairness should also be paid attention to, so that employee will be committed to the organization.

dada essays

dada essays Welcome to the wonderful world of DADA!. Although at first glance, Dada can appear to be a rather difficult and confusing movement to understand. If one takes the time look at it in some depth, Im sure that you will discover a movement of not only great significance in the context of Art history. But a movement whose theories and principles are still applicable in the world in which we live today. Having said this. It must be made clear that this website is by no means meant to be exhaustive, and is only really intended to give a brief overview of the movement as whole. None the less I hope you find it interesting. Dada was an art movement that sprang up in Zurich Switzerland roughly around 1916. It emerged largely in response to the atrocities and insanity of World War 1, and sought to find and experiment with new forms of expression in an attempt to rejuvenate the After the end of the war in 1918, Dada spread to Germany (Berlin, Cologne, Hanover), where it was to rebel against the increasingly militaristic and nationalistic policies of the emerging far right as typified by the eventual rise to power of Hitler's Nazi party. Dada was important in an Art historical context in that it paved the way and laid the foundations for surrealism which was to follow. Many of the artists active in dada later becoming influential and active within surrealism. Although Dada groups existed in several forms for longer and shorter periods in other areas such in Paris, Italy, the Netherlands and New York. It's spiritual and historical home has always been in Zurich (Switzerland), with a special mention going to post world war 1 Germany. It is for this reason that this website will largely concentrate on these two areas of the Dada movement. Switzerland in 1914, as it was to be later in in 1945 with World war 2, was a neutral country during World war 1. As a result it found itself becoming a refuge for man...

The Lady with the Pet Dog Comparison Essays

The Lady with the Pet Dog Comparison Essays The Lady with the Pet Dog Comparison Essay The Lady with the Pet Dog Comparison Essay The two stories of The Lady with the Pet Dog, by Anton Chekhov and Joyce Carol Oates are extremely similar in plot. They are both about a love affair between two married people and each couple discovering true love. However, these stories are completely different for one reason, their perspective. Chekhovs and Oatess versions of the story are told from the opposite point of view of each couple. Each situation, because told for a different point of view, allows for an alternative interpretation in the story. Chekhovs protagonist, Gurov, at the beginning of the story is a rough, arrogant, and immature person, a fact he is well aware of. His attitude toward women in general is indifferent. He refers to women as the inferior race. And his attitude toward Anna Sergeyevna in particular is just as insensitive. After he meets with her for the first time, he considers her as something pathetic. Since the story is told largely through his point of view, Gurov leads the direction of the plot. He is the one who pursues the relationship with Anna, and, after their first encounter, follows her to Moscow to  continue  their affair. The fact that he is pursuing her contradicts his feelings in past of his affairs. He would generally grow bored of these women rather quickly. This change became very clear after Gurov returned to his family, but he could think of nothing but Anna. At the end of the story, Gurov realizes he is truly in love for the first time, with Anna, which opens him up to greater, more tender emotions in himself. While we do get a small glimpse of Anna’s internal emotions through her dialogue, she is seen mostly through Gurovs examinations of her. Towards the very end of the story, she basically stops speaking altogether, which pretty much means that in Gurovs imagination, they have completely joined together. Joyce Carol Oatess version reimagines the story through Annas eyes. The setting is also set in New York. Unlike Chekhovs Gurov, Oatess protagonist is passive. She does more of the following as the story progresses and does not direct the action in the plot. Oates directs most of the action in her version through the characters interior emotions. Oatess Anna is a hysterical character. She has suicidal thoughts, has  a melodramatic self-image, and is full of self-loathing. Even though Oatess version has been updated, she maintains many of the same characteristics that Chekhov displayed in his character of the late 1800s. This is an interesting aspect of the Oates’s story because considering that a woman during the 1970s might have a different attitude toward adultery than a woman in the 1800s. Another way that Oatess version of the story differs for Chekhovs version is the subtext from â€Å"Anna’s† perspective is completely different. While Chekhovs character discovers real love for another human being for the first time in his life, and experiences the ultimate sacrifice that involves it, Oatess protagonist begins to love herself for the first time. Gurovs love is about his partner, but Oatess Anna takes her back to self. These two stories offer a very interesting look into two people’s perspective of the same situation. Chekhov gives you the chance to see a man who was generally ambiguous when it came to love, but grew to understand it. He also learned how to love and how to look outside his own selfishness. Oates’s story takes a modern twist on Chekhov’s story. She gives you the opportunity to see how the story looks from the woman’s perspective. Oates’s story was more about self-discovery and learning how to love one’s self. The woman at the beginning of the story hated herself and through the affair learned how to change that, while Gurov was in love with himself, and learned how to truly love someone else.

How to Pass Your AP Course Audit

How to Pass Your AP Course Audit SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Need to learn the ins and outs of the AP auditing process? You're in luck. Whether you’re a new teacher or just new to AP, check out this guide to make sure your course is approved! We will explain the auditing process in detail, including how AP courses are reviewed,how to submit your audit, andhow to write an appropriate syllabus. What Is Course Auditing? Why Do You Need It? AP Course auditing is what allows a school to officially give a course the â€Å"AP† label. Having classes with the official AP label is important for your students' transcripts, especially if they are applying toprestigious schools and scholarships. The AP label showscolleges and scholarship committees that your school’s courses have a high level of rigor. That said, a course does not have to carry the official â€Å"AP† label for your school to order the corresponding AP exams. For example, you could teach a course titled just â€Å"United States History† and still order the AP United States Exam for your class at the end of the year. But generally, if you’re teaching a course with the goal of your students taking the AP exam, it’s worth it to go through the audit to get the â€Å"AP† label to improve your students’ transcripts. AP course are auditedonce everyyear, but it’s the most onerous the first time your course is approved. Each year after your first audit you just go through a quick renewal process. During that first audit, you’ll submit a detailed syllabus of your AP course as well as an AP Course Audit form for review. For the rest of this guide, we will go over that first auditing process, explain re-auditing, and finally give some tips for writing your syllabus for the first audit. What Happens During My First Audit? For your first audit, you'll create an online account with the College Board and submit the AP Course Audit form and a copy of your syllabus (more on that process below). Once your form is approved by a Course Audit administrator, your syllabus will be forwarded to an external college faculty reviewer who will approve it. You’ll learn if your course was approved by the College Board within 60 days of submitting your forms. For a course to be authorized, the syllabus has to clearly show that each of the AP course's curricular requirements is included in your class. There are two possible outcomes of the first review: 1. Good news:Your reviewer finds that yoursyllabus meets all requirements, and your class is approved. You'll be notified via email, and then you'll be all done with the auditing process! Good news! 2. Bad news:The reviewer does not think your syllabus meets or exceeds the requirements, and your syllabus is passed on to a senior reviewer. If the senior reviewer agrees, the senior reviewer will send you an email with a rationale as to why your syllabus wasn't approved. You can then revise and resubmit your syllabus based on that feedback. If, after submitting a revised syllabus, the reviewers still don't think your syllabus meets the requirements, the College Board will provide a curriculum adviserto provide additional suggestions for how yoursyllabus should be revised. You will then have a third and final chance to revise and submit the syllabus. If your course isn’t approved on your third try, it won’t be authorized for that year. (Again, your school can still order and administer AP Exams for that subject regardless of the audit outcome.) You can re-submit materials for authorization starting next year. How to Start Your First Audit To start, you'll need tocreate an online AP Course Audit account with College Board. Through this account, you can submit the Course Audit form and your syllabus. The AP Course Audit form is where you list information about the class, your school, your district, and your students. It’s fairly straightforward and shouldn't take more than a few minutes. The syllabus is where you describe your course in detail and explain how it meets AP guidelines. Writing an appropriate syllabus is the most important and time-consuming piece of the auditing process. During the audit, theCollege Board isn’t looking at your background or credentials as a teacher, and it doesn’t require any specific professional development for you to get your course certified – they’re just checking to see if your course aligns with the AP class’s goals. And in case you're worried, the College Board isn’t going to randomly drop in during the year and monitor your actual class – you just need to get the syllabus right! We'll break down how to write an appropriate syllabus below. Re-Auditing Technically, even after your course is approved, you still have to re-audit every year if you want your class to keep the â€Å"AP† title. Fortunately,you don’t have to do much work for re-authorization. After you get your initial approval, you don’t need to resubmit the Course Audit form or a syllabus unless your course changes significantly, the AP course itself changes, or a new teacher is given the class. Beginning every August, Course Audit administrators can renew AP classes for the following year through their online AP Course Audit accounts. If you’re not sure who your school’s Course Audit administrator is, ask the head of your department or someone in your school’s administration. The Course Audit administrator isprobably someone who doesn't mind lots of paperwork. In short, your course should be re-approved without you having to do anything unless you make major changes or switch courses at your school. If a new teacher is assigned to an existing AP class, he or shemustresubmit the Course Audit form and syllabus. However, they can use the old teacher’s syllabus, so the approval process should be pretty quick. Writing Your Syllabus Like we mentioned above, the AP Course Audit is just the submission of a form and your syllabus, sothe syllabus is the main piece of work you have to complete. You can find detailed info about each AP class, including a checklist for the syllabus and example syllabi, right here. Definitely make use of this page as you write your syllabus! This guide will focus on AP English Language, the most popular AP class, but we will go through the general syllabus-writing process that you can use for any AP class. First, take a look at the example syllabi College Board has posted for your class. This will give you a sense of what College Board is looking for in your syllabus. As a guide, College Board has posted four example syllabi for AP English Language: Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 The first thing you'll probably notice in these syllabi is the cover page, which lists all the scoring components for the syllabus and where they are addressed: Source: The College Board Acover page is not required for submitting your syllabus, but using onecan help you keep track of the various requirements you need to meet for your syllabus. If you're overwhelmed by the requirements for your class, using an organizer like this cover page could be incredibly helpful. You can get a sample cover page for every AP class by going to the webpagefor each class, linked above. You will need to write a syllabus that explains your class’s assignments, structure, and reading list so that it fits into the AP guidelines. It’s going to be pretty long – at least 10 pages – so make sure you set aside some quality time to write it. In addition to using the example syllabi on College Board’s website as a guide, you can also reach out to another AP teacher at your school to learn how they approached their syllabus. They might have some tips for writing a College Board-approved syllabus or havemore inside information on the auditing process. If you're worried that you may have a hard time sticking to this incredibly detailed syllabus, don't stress. You’re never held accountable by College Board for sticking to this syllabus, so you don’t have to follow it to the letter. Finally, remember you’re given two additional chances to revise your syllabus if it doesn’t pass the audit the first time. Using the College Board's Self-Evaluation Checklist Afteryou’ve written your syllabus, go through the self-evaluation checklist that the College Board has made for your class. (You can find all AP course checklists at the link above.) Read through theitems on the list and make sure your syllabus addresses each one. In addition to the cover page, reviewingthe checklist should ensure that your syllabus meets all theCollege Board's guidelines and will be approved. As an example, this is the list for AP English Language and Composition: Have you read through the most recent AP English course description? Do you require students to write in several forms during the year (narrative, expository, analytical, and argumentative essays) as well as write about a variety of subjects (public policies, pop culture, personal experiences)? Do you have essays that go through several stages or drafts, with revision by you or other students? Do you also have students write in informal contexts (imitation exercises, journal keeping, collaborative writing, and in-class responses)? Do you assign nonfiction readings (e.g., essays, journalism, political writing, science writing, nature writing, autobiographies/biographies, diaries, history, criticism) to give students opportunities to identify and explain an author's use of rhetorical strategies and techniques? (If you use fiction and poetry, it should be to help students understand how various effects are achieved by writers' linguistic and rhetorical choices.) [Note: you can see a list of possible authors and works in the AP English Language course description.] Do you teach students to analyze how graphics and images both relate to written text and serve as texts themselves? Do you teach research skills, specifically the ability to evaluate, use, and cite sources? Do you assign a researched argument paper, which has students both cite and synthesize various sources to come up with their own argument? Do you have students cite sources using a standard style (like Modern Language Association or Chicago Manual of Style)? Do you give instruction and feedback on student writing focused on these skills: wide and effective vocabulary, variety of sentence structures, logical organization, balance of generalization and specific detail, effective use or rhetoric? The College Board's auditors will be using that same checklist to evaluate your syllabus. If your syllabus falls short on any of these questions, make sure to edit it before you submit it for review! It may alsobe helpful to have another teacher read through yoursyllabus andconfirm that itclearly meets the checklist guidelines. Other Syllabus Tips The deadline for your first submission to authorize a course taught in 2016-17is January 31, 2017. Make sure to start working on your syllabus well before that deadline! If your school has a multi-year course sequence leading to an AP class (for example, an honors biology class that feeds into AP Biology), only the course taken in the year that ends in the actual AP exam can carry the "AP" label.However,you should still submit syllabi from both coursesif the first year includes some AP class material. If your school has an interdisciplinary class, e.g. â€Å"American Studies,† that encompasses both history and literature, you can apply separately for AP the English Literature label and AP United States History label. Your final class might be called American Studies (AP English Lit/AP United States History). Just make sure you don't try to rename your final class something like "AP American Studies." Many AP science courses require a hands-on lab where â€Å"students manipulate, observe, explore, and think about science using concrete materials.† If you want examples of hands-on labs for the various science classes, check out the course’s page at the AP Course Audit website. Finally, if you want to read a first-person account from a teacher going through the audit process, including how a syllabus evolves to meet College Board standards, check out this blog post by Adrian Dingle. He writes in detail about how he had to edit his AP chemistry syllabus to get itapproved, even when the College Board's requirements didn't seem to make a lot of sense. For example, he says while trying to meet a requirement about connecting chemistry to the real world: â€Å"It seems as though they want me to describe an assignment with a specific topic for connecting chemistry to the real world. I’m just not prepared to do that at this stage – who KNOWS what current event might come up during the course that I think will make for a great opportunity to fulfill this criteria?† The main takeaway from his post is that even after extensive and sometimes annoying edits, he was still able to get his course approved by the College Board.Even though going through your first AP audit can be a bit nerve-wracking and time-consuming, remember that you have severalchances to revise your syllabus. Don’t feel pressured to get it perfect the first time! As long as you give it enough time and work to follow College Board's requirements, your syllabus should be approved. What’s Next? The audit process is fairly strict and not always a favorite among teachers. What are some other problems with the College Board’s AP program? Read in-depth about some of the AP program's problems. Are any of your students studying for the ACT or SAT? Does your school have an SAT/ACT class or tutoring program? If not, learn about the best way to teach the ACT / SAT to give your students the support they need. Teaching AP US History? We have a list of the best textbooks on the market. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Quakers' Contribution in Anti-Slavery Movement Research Paper

Quakers' Contribution in Anti-Slavery Movement - Research Paper Example All thirteen of the colonies permitted slavery and did not allow slaves the basic freedoms outlined in the Declaration of Independence. Slaves in America had no freedom and were subject to the whims and demands of their masters. The Louisiana code stated that "A slave could not make contracts, own property, or form legal partnerships on his or her own" (Oakes xiv). Family relationships among slaves were not honored and as a result, there were no requirements that slave owners keep families intact. In fact, many times, children were taken from mothers and sold as soon as they were strong enough to work themselves. Husbands and fathers were sold without regard to the feelings of wives or children. The people who were most against slavery were those who were involved in organized religion. Quakers believed in ending slavery one slaveholder at a time. They sent letters, wrote to newspapers, authored pamphlets and almanacs, using any form of publication they could to decry the institution of slavery and encourage slave owners to free their slaves. Quakers outlined a method through which slaveholders would "first educate slaves in reading and writing, teach them the principles of truth and righteousness, teach them a trade, and then set them free" (Brown 6). While it cannot be argued that the Quakers, or Society of Friends, played a crucial role in the anti-slavery movement, in all likelihood the movement would have gone on and would have been successful without their influence. There were many people in antebellum America who were willing to make great personal sacrifices to see that there was eventual freedom for all Americans. These people spanned the races, religions and cultures of the time and were dedicated to the idea of freedom for all. Body The Quakers brought up the inappropriateness of slavery in the 1600s, thus bringing the issue to the forefront of many political and social debates. They began work against slavery and did not stop their work until the e nd of slavery in America. One distinct advantage that the Quakers had in their anti-slavery work was that they had an already established network of people willing to assist runaway slaves and those who had already been freed. Friends could meet in large, public groups to make plans regarding their abolitionist activities without fear of raising suspicion because that is what they had been doing prior to their involvement in the Underground Railroad and other abolitionist activities. Additionally, the Quakers involved in anti-slavery activities knew that they could trust their fellow Friends with their lives, which is what was at stake when they assisted runaway slaves to freedom. Before slaves began to receive help from Quakers, or anyone else, in their resistance movement, they had devised many ways to confront slavery. They discovered that violence was rarely a very successful method of resistance, as the slaveholders responded immediately and intensely. Instead, they used more s ubtle methods of resistance such as "work slowdowns, feigning illness, breaking tools, and sabotaging equipment under the guise of clumsiness" (Horton and Horton 120). Slaves also used song to fight slavery. These songs told stories of escape, sent encoded messages, set the pace for work and placated slave owners by giving the appearance of passivity and contentment. Running away was another form of

ABC COMPANY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

ABC COMPANY - Essay Example The company will now move to a Cell Manufacturing Process Plant. A thorough analysis was transpiring for the re-engineering of obligatory business process and the preliminary efforts intense on essentials up to five years hallucination. But prior to endeavor of re-engineering processes by their trade allies, ABC, initially, wanted to improve their internal systems. The first step ABC took in this regard was the installation of monetary software. After that exemplary action several steps in the same track were taken gradually with more advance software modules as per their requirements and the progression is still going on. The main reason for the success of ABC is their implementation of the advance techniques of pricing and distribution in their business. To congregate the supply chain necessities ABC’s management decided to come up with two way solution, first they use radio frequency based data capture to support the on-line communication runs inside the company and then use the bar coding facility, to make it more authentic at their prime retail customers side. For combine podium of B2B communication, ABC and its trade cohorts were selected the Microsoft’s Biztalk. To implement this facility, external experts were brought in with the stern idea of in-house development to stay autonomous on their leaving. 1. Identify the different strategies you will employ to each of the 4 categories of suppliers and material/equipment purchased. Discuss the body of knowledge that surrounds supply chain strategies. (15%) The purchasing of new plant equipment requires selection of qualified suppliers and preparation and evaluation of bids. Since the product is new and the supplier not pre-qualified in most of the cases, hence the due diligence step in the process has to be carried out. This process is timely and energy consuming since loads of insight has to be put into the process before

The disilluusionment of an american physician by sandeep jauhar Essay

The disilluusionment of an american physician by sandeep jauhar - Essay Example This book was preceded with another one, Intern which addressed the story from the perspective of any other new person in the field who comes to the field with high expectation only to realize that things are not as they seem out there. After acknowledging that there are challenges, the book, disillusionment of an American physician emphasizes on the need for urgent reform within the sector something that i have also witnessed in professional life. Dr. Jauhar brevity is particularly evident. For example he addresses corruption in the book. It is true that corruption is prevalent and that implies that only the rich get the good services at the expense of the poor in our health care system (Jauhar, 2014). Reading through the book, one gets the feel of what awaits in the real practice. One understands that, what is taught at medical school may not be very practical because some aspects of what is taught in school are not found in real practice. Dr. Jauhar gives an account of how insurance companies are supposed to be begged to make payments for patients, some of whom are in critical conditions and this goes to show how the society has become to self centered. Through the book, one gets a feel of the kind of relationship that exist between the doctors and the patients in the real world; this is evident through numerous accounts of patients who sometimes insist on certain types of treatment even in cases when the doctors do not agree. The significance of the book is highlighted in the author’s ability to face the truth to the extent of showcasing the unscrupulous nature of some doctors in the profession; for example, the author talks of the story of Dr. Chaudtry’ that has private practice. Like any other doctors of his time, he is faced with declining remuneration, numerous laws suits longed against hospitals and doctors and fraudulent insurance

Explain and demonstrate how capital transactions are accounted for in Essay - 1

Explain and demonstrate how capital transactions are accounted for in a partnership - Essay Example These two categories majorly differ in the rights they bestow upon their owners. Common stock is simply the partial ownership of company where an investor buys stocks traded by the company through public offer. Investors may trade these stocks amongst themselves on the secondary market. The primary goal of buying these stocks is to earn dividends should the company make profit. Every common stock is a representation of a certain proportion of ownership in a company. for example if a company has 500,000 shares of common stock and an investor owns 5 of them, then we can say that he or she owns 5/500,000th of the company and same percentage of profit share. Preferred stock just like common stock represents partial ownership in a company. However, preferred stock shareholders do not enjoy other privileges like the voting rights. In this category investors are paid a fixed dividend not based on the number of shares owned. However the company may fail to pay dividends due to the financial challenge. In such cases, dividends of the preferred shareholders are always paid off first before common shareholders. Investors whether common or preferred have the ownership right of the company. A stockholder has a say in the running of the company. The most significant thing about stocks is that it is a high return investment. Stocks whether preferred or common have better return. Both kinds of stock pay dividends. Stocks generally can be a kind of dangerous investment. This is true for both preferred and common stock. Investors can lose all the money if the company runs at a significant loss. One major difference between common stock and the preferred stock is that shareholders with common stock are paid dividends proportional to the number of stock owned by an individual. However preferred stock shareholders are paid fixed dividend. It is beneficial to own preferred stock. This is because as a

Submit short report that assembles the teams final results for Essay

Submit short report that assembles the teams final results for tackling a problem or creating a solution to the project - Essay Example It is affordable to all patients and readily available as the system is flexible, can move from one place to another. Congestion in hospitals by patients with fatal chronical diseases need to be at lower levels by administering health programs via PHM systems. It helps hospitals deliver a variety of health services to a greater population resulting in improvement in health conditions. A nation with improvement in health sectors obtains tremendous benefits like it readily consist of healthy individuals to provide labor. Improves country’s productivity reduces death rates to significant levels and provides the country with the chance of having innovation and creativity as well. The PHM project requires electronically intensive equipments making use of decision support systems. This reduces the manual work fatigue to medical staff if they are to perform the work, therefore; there is a reduction in workload of the medical staff. However, the system contains errors that would result in wrong medical description or diagnosis to the patients. The problems are in two classifications the system error and human errors. The system errors include the syntax and logical anomalies, which may be due to system malfunction. The errors can be because of overloading the systems or as well as unexpected errors, which would require repetition of the ongoing process to get the correct results. The human errors serve as the main setback towards achieving the set objectives of the program. The set objectives being, provision of sufficient medical attention to patients with chronic diseases. It is unfortunate and ironic that human beings have the audacity to be the factor that the project fails to be 100% successful. The significant human errors includes Although patients include false information in order to get medical treatment, it is unfortunate as there would be wrong results that can cause serious problems for both the p[patient and

Explain and demonstrate how capital transactions are accounted for in Essay - 1

Explain and demonstrate how capital transactions are accounted for in a partnership - Essay Example These two categories majorly differ in the rights they bestow upon their owners. Common stock is simply the partial ownership of company where an investor buys stocks traded by the company through public offer. Investors may trade these stocks amongst themselves on the secondary market. The primary goal of buying these stocks is to earn dividends should the company make profit. Every common stock is a representation of a certain proportion of ownership in a company. for example if a company has 500,000 shares of common stock and an investor owns 5 of them, then we can say that he or she owns 5/500,000th of the company and same percentage of profit share. Preferred stock just like common stock represents partial ownership in a company. However, preferred stock shareholders do not enjoy other privileges like the voting rights. In this category investors are paid a fixed dividend not based on the number of shares owned. However the company may fail to pay dividends due to the financial challenge. In such cases, dividends of the preferred shareholders are always paid off first before common shareholders. Investors whether common or preferred have the ownership right of the company. A stockholder has a say in the running of the company. The most significant thing about stocks is that it is a high return investment. Stocks whether preferred or common have better return. Both kinds of stock pay dividends. Stocks generally can be a kind of dangerous investment. This is true for both preferred and common stock. Investors can lose all the money if the company runs at a significant loss. One major difference between common stock and the preferred stock is that shareholders with common stock are paid dividends proportional to the number of stock owned by an individual. However preferred stock shareholders are paid fixed dividend. It is beneficial to own preferred stock. This is because as a

Mencius On Human Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mencius On Human Nature - Essay Example To account for how some people develop bad character in life despite having been born with the disposition to do good, Mencius argued that, just as water can be manipulated and forced to flow against the low ground, it is also possible to manipulate human nature to be bad. Mencius gave the following explanation to show that human nature is naturally good.Mencius argued that human beings are born with the virtue of benevolence (heart of compassion/feeling for others), virtue of Righteousness (the feeling of disdain), the virtue of propriety (feeling of respect for others), and lastly the virtue of wisdom (the heart of right and wrong). To demonstrate what he means by claiming that human beings are born with these four virtues, Mencius gave the following example to show that every human person is born with the virtue of benevolence.In this example, Mencius argued that if people saw a child about to fall into a well, they would all, without exception, instantaneously have a feeling of s orrow and fear. Mencius concluded that this fact shows that all human beings are born with the virtue of benevolence or the ability to feel compassion for other people. Another example that can be given to show that human beings are born with some virtues is how people, all over the world, are opposed to some immoral actions.For instance, people all over the world, irrespective of their cultural, religious, political, or educational backgrounds oppose some unethical practices like corruption and murder of innocent people.

A Life Lesson from My Grandma Essay Example for Free

A Life Lesson from My Grandma Essay The tears rolled down profusely as I held the telephone receiver in my hand. My aunt was still on the other end, demanding that I immediately rush over to Grandma Mary’s house. At this instant, my gut instinct responded by tightening up indicating that something was definitely wrong. And it was only then; memories of her youthful days flashed across my mind, reminding me of her mantra, â€Å"You must never allow anyone to steal your joy†. And it appeared as if she was standing right beside me, but I knew it was just a fragment of my imagination. I confirmed there and then to myself, I recognized now that I had lost someone, but I would have something with me for life, the value of unconditional love my grandma often displayed amongst her family and her neighbors by extension, and she would always reiterate how much she wanted it to live on. Granny Mary was like a female Goliath. Blessed with a dark chocolate skin tone, moles and wrinkles canvassed her face which we often referred to as the storylines of her life. But the positivity she gave off could connect a grounded wire on a cold winter night. How she did it, she alone knew. I remember her making ends meet, and providing food for her family after two failed marriages. As the other half of her twin, Uncle John would pay his sister to do his laundry, cook his food and maintain the downstairs of the home which he occupied. And yes, pretty amazing how this money brought up six kids and assisted my sister and I as the two first grandchildren in the family. Not only did she raise her grand kids, but the entire neighborhood’s children were taken care of by â€Å"Aunty Mary† also, a name she would always be remembered by. I can still recall how many days the neighbor’s kids will come without food or clothes, but when they left, their tummies were filled, and late evening shower already taken. We would all surround granny as she read a bible story and explained the role of each person mentioned in the  bible. It was as if her joy was ensuring that all children were always happy and knew the value of love. And yes, this stood out most, because to this day, I share the same sentiments when dealing with my daughter and my niece, or all children I interact with on a daily basis. To this day, I could count the number of times I saw a toothy smile on her almost daunting face, after that late December afternoon when the hospital called to say my Uncle Brian passed away after being involved in a motor vehicular accident on the Solomon Hochoy Highway. She continued to emphasize that we were totally in control of our own happiness, and we should live life to the fullest always displaying love and making sure all is well with our soul as we never know when the good Lord will call us home. I remembered her kneeling to pray with her every night before we go to bed. She embedded that prayer was the answer to every problem you can ever encounter in this life and happiness is within one’s self. Grandma Mary would often have us assist her when she picked peas or fed the chickens in the backyard. We watched the chickens developed from baby chicks to mealtime. And yes, we’d joke about it when it was time to catch them to have grandma prepare some great soul f ood for us. In April 2012, I was able to display the said qualities Grandma Mary embedded in us. I gave birth to a still born baby boy, and all I saw after giving birth, was my grand-mother’s face. How she’d often say God is ever to wise to make a mistake, and God sees what we don’t. Although I didn’t want to hear that at that time of grief, I clearly remembered dreaming her one night, giving me confirmation that all would be well, and continue to love and have faith in God. And as I thought about her the morning after I was discharged from the hospital, I made hot cocoa, and the aroma took me back to twenty years ago when my grandmother was alive. We’d wake up to the aroma of hot cocoa and her favorite Jim Reeve would be blasting through the house, â€Å"If heaven’s not my home, then Lord what will I do?† And it was as if she strengthened me to look forward and not regret. I remembered her mantra, and I did not allow the death of my son to steal my joy. I still had my daughter to brighten up my days, and prayers assisted me in trusting and believing that God had better plans for me. As an individual, I can associate part of my grandmother’s journey to that of mine. No mother comes on this earth with the intentions of having to bury their own child, but all in all, life has to go on. And not just go on, but I am in control of my own joy. The qualities she left us with have continued to reign throughout my family, and every time I sit to tell a story about Grandma Mary, I can safely associate her with love, faith and God. The aroma of hot cocoa today brings a smile on my face, and each time I hear a Jim Reeve play, I’ll see her wrinkled face. There is no greater joy in having a loved one live on although they are no longer with us in body. I am one hundred percent guaranteed she is indeed happy with the positive value we continue to display. And the deep voice ringing through my head, â€Å"You must never allow anyone to steal your joy†.

Building Therapeutics Relationships in Forensic Psychology

Building Therapeutics Relationships in Forensic Psychology What interpersonal qualities should a forensic psychologist have that help build therapeutic relationships? Forensic psychology is a branch of criminological psychology; it refers to the knowledge of the understanding, prediction and nature of crime or criminal behaviour (Bull, Davies Westcott, 2003). What defines this psychological practice from others, is that the material produced is usually used within a court of law and during group or individual therapy sessions, with courts commissioning psychologists to create reports indicating the fitness of a defendant on trial, with reference to pre-existing areas of research, such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Blackburn, 1996). With recent growth in popularity, due to exposure in certain mainstream television shows and films, such as ‘Silence of the Lambs’ and ‘Cracker’, there has been a recent increase in the amount of individuals looking towards a career within forensic psychology (Buskist, Carlson Martin, 2000). The focus of this essay will be to explore the qualities needed from forensic psychologists and h ow these may have an impact on the relationships created with individuals they help. To understand this question in its basic terms, we will first try to understand a brief history of forensics as a psychological practice, what individuals are likely to expect within this practice, what is skills and requirements are asked of an individual in this trade, what may occur in certain situations wherein these interpersonal qualities are not met and finally the ethical and legal considerations we must make. The history of forensics within a psychological practice may assist in understanding how particular traits have become necessary when treating individuals. One of the first recorded cases of a psychologist giving a professional opinion within a court trial would be that of Albert Schrenk-Notzing in Germany, 1886. Later Hugo Munstering, who gave psychological insight into two murder trials, published some of the earliest forensic psychological resources in 1908 (Haward, 1979; Colman, 1995). In recent years, some state institutions have tried to prohibit females from working within all male prisons in America, as they argue that it is too dangerous for females (Arrigo Shipley, 2005), meaning that although there have been major developments for equality of sexes, there is still some prejudice of females being the weaker gender, both physically and psychologically, within this line of work. This shows us that forensic psychology is a fairly recent phenomenon, with establishments, such a s the British Psychological Association (BPS) recently creating a division devoted to criminal psychology (Buskist, Carlson Martin, 2000). This may mean, that although we have some understanding of the professionalism needed within legal and psychological situations, we may not be fully aware of specific requirements needed of individuals due to the fact that forensic psychology is still in its adolescent stages of development. Some questions posed to forensic psychologists help us gain an insight into what qualities are needed to give an accurate report and to fully express themselves within legal situations. These include, and are not limited to: if they are fit to stand trial, if the testimony is genuine, if the individual has any learning difficulties and if they are malingering (Colman, 1995). This would mean that not only are forensic psychologists required to have a respectful understanding of all parties involved, it is also key that they show qualities of insight, to understand the strengths and limitations of the individual and the tests conducted. Other qualities include an empathetic personality to any personality or learning disorders, tolerance of individuals with uncooperative personalities and an unprejudiced outwardly view of an individual, regardless of their past. To fully understand what is required from a forensic psychologist, it is important to understand this occupation in comparison with others which it is usually mistaken for, such as forensic psychiatry and clinical psychology, as many of the boundaries between these careers are blurred. Clinical psychologists primarily assess the psychological distress of an individual, and through already established methods, try to promote psychological well-being. Forensic psychiatrists have little or no training in professionally administering psychological tests which assess personality and intelligence; they will usually provide evidence based on a clinical interview, which are sometimes regarded more as an opinion than objective data (Buskist, Carlson Martin, 2000). This would mean that individuals within forensic psychology will not only have a broad understanding of particular tests used, but also their limitations and benefits and an open-minded personality on how this may help of the rehab ilitation and support of convicted criminals. Many of the duties involved in being a forensic psychologist require a different set of skills in many situations. Clinical assessments involve interviewing individuals and performing particular psychological test to assess an individual. As previously noted, this requires a broad range of knowledge and understanding of the tests, along with their strengths and weaknesses. The formulation of cases involves the hypothesising of causes, precipitants, and key influences on an individual’s interpersonal and behavioural problems (Eells, 2007); this means that not only is certain degree of open-mindedness needed to understand the individual needs and requirements in certain situations, a forensic psychologist is also required to be supportive and empathetic in nature, whist maintaining a professional attitude of the boundaries put in place by this career. Another duty involves the risk assessment of criminals; this requires a working knowledge of how to predict and manage individual s who seem to pose a risk of committing a criminal act (Appelbaum, Grisso, Monahan, Mulvey, Robbins, Steadman, 2000). This means that a personal understanding of an individual is required during therapeutic sessions, therefore a forensic psychologist should remain professional, whilst being reflective and insightful to build a rapport with those they are trying to help. Undergraduates wishing to undergo this career are notified of the amount of work they will need to do to be able to fulfil this aspiration. A first in a degree supported by the BPS is one of the primary requirement, with few post-graduate training courses taking on those with a 2:1. Secondly, a masters accredited by the BPS in forensic psychology is also necessary, followed by two years of supervised practice in a forensic psychology Stage 2 program, also accredited by the BPS. Alternatively, some universities offer a doctorate programme in forensic psychology, which combine the masters and stage 2 course. Finally, a registration with the Health and Care Professionals Council (HCPC) is also required. Just the training for this career path shows us that this is not a job to be considered lightly; due to the amount of time and funding it takes to undergo this path, those applying will need excellent time management skills, along with a desire to fully commit themselves to this lifestyl e; both of these qualities are also used later when they are in a career, meaning that throughout training, you are prepared for some of the challenges we will discuss later. Many individuals which a forensic psychologist encounter, tests both the strengths and limitations of the individual; whilst some therapeutic sessions may conducted in a straight forward manner, others will challenge the way we conduct ourselves, meaning that to fully understand the individual, we must first understand our own limits. There is a wide array of personalities and people which a forensic psychiatrist may treat, for example, adolescent offenders, adult female and male offenders, offenders who are disabled, have behavioural/psychological disorders or learning difficulties and those convicted of criminal acts which may afflict an emotional response from a psychologist (such as arson, stalking and sex offending). Interestingly, there has been a dramatic increase of women sentenced to immediate imprisonment within the UK, as the average female inmate population grew over 173% between 1992 and 2002, whilst male inmate population increased by only 50% (Home Office, 2005). This shows us that as society is changing, we too need to adapt our abilities and skills to treat a new wave of criminal behaviour, as some may be unable to cope or unsure of how to deal with the demands placed on us by dramatic increases such as this. In some instances in which individuals are not prepared for the psychological demands of this career, or do not have the suited interpersonal qualities to facilitate a healthy therapeutic relationship, situations may result negatively for one or both of the parties involved. In June 2009, Margret Burton was murdered by her late patient and partner Jason Hawkins after previously being advised that he should not have been released. This may have been due to a number of factors, as Burton had moved to another country, away from support groups, such as family and friends. Another reason may have been that there was an inadequate system put in place by the institution she was working at to deal with these particular stresses that would have otherwise been noticed. This means that not only is it of upmost importance to understand your individual weaknesses within this industry, it is just as important to understand how to cope and ask for assistance. Another example of an incident regardin g the safety of a forensic psychologist would be that of the murder of Kathryn Faughey, an individual who was murdered by David Tarloff in 2008. Initially, one of her co-workers, Kent Schinbach, was supposed to be targeted, due his diagnosis of schizophrenia in 1991, which in turn led to Tarloff becoming institutionalised. Figures indicate that violence against employees within the mental health sector is not an uncommon occurrence, with over 40% of colleagues reporting a non-fatal violent crime being committed against them between the years 1993 and 1999, and is thought to increase within recent years (Dubin Ning, 2008). This has led to forensic psychologists to understand and undertake safety measures as a part of daily clinical practice, as well as understanding the steps needed to prevent and confront violence within the possible therapy sessions; it also means that in order to deal with these common occurrences, individuals who work within this sector should have a tolerant pe rsonality and professional personality, whilst remaining empathetic and supportive towards their clients. There are many ethical considerations put in place by courts to ensure that confidentiality, consent and other legal obligations to maintain the safety of the individual are upheld within all situations; this requires a particular amount of trust, respect and professionalism from the both the psychologist and law at all times. The legal understanding of the standards of ethics within particular situations is key in undergoing this career, as a majority of the work involves adherence to a specific ethics code put in place by the courts, therefore any psychologist should meet the standard of general practice within both a psychological and legal setting (American Psychological Association, 1991). It may be a surprise to some that informed consent is not legal requirement, as in situations wherein it is ordered by the court it may be overlooked; this means that although an individual may initially reject a psychiatric interview or certain psychometric tests, if the court requests it, fo r example, for the inclusion in a report for use during trail, the right to withdraw will then be withheld (Kalmbach Lyons, 2006). In some cases, the right to withdraw is also held by the examiner, should they feel discomfort, moral obligation to stop or for any reason they feel the individual should not undergo the testing, however a reason is almost always required within this situation. In other scenarios, in which a court feels as if objectivity is being compromised (such as an examiner producing prejudice results or giving a misleading interpretation of an event) will cause the court to reject the statements given and demand that they withdraw from a trial (Bonnie, 1990; Brodsky, 1990). Psychologists who trying to build relationships with those that they are treating would need a high level of understanding of the ethical and legal requirements within the workplace, whilst maintaining an unbiased attitude towards all those involve, as certain personal emotions may result in a loss of objectivity. To conclude, the work and development in the field of forensic psychology has shown great importance, due to the contributions it has made within legal and social settings. The collective work of forensic psychologists has inspired the entertainment industry to create fictitious scenarios, some of which based on real events, which in turn has inspired a new generation of individuals to undergo a career in forensic psychology. With the rise of criminal and violent behaviour within today’s society, there is a welcomed need for these inspired individuals to mould what has already been created and adjust it to the individual and society’s ever changing and complex nature. As noted, a career within this community is not be undertaken without some understanding into the possible risks and hazards involved, such as the likelihood of psychological and physical harm to the individual. This means that those considering a career must first understand their own weaknesses, as shoul d they present themselves during this period of work, it could be detrimental to themselves and those they are treating. The ability to ensure an individual feels comfortable during a personal situation, such as therapy, is arguably one of the most important skills to possess; not only are forensic psychologists required to maintain this trusting and empathetic persona during these sessions, it is of upmost importance that they also understand that a professional, resilient and respectful nature is key, as a lack of these may have detrimental effects on the patient and psychologist alike. Many institutions within the UK have support systems put in place, such as staff supervision, for those at risk or in training which allow individuals to reflect on themselves, and to understand how they may have a major impact on an individual’s wellbeing. References American Psychological Association. Committee on Ethical Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists.(1991). Specialty guidelines for forensic psychologists. Law and Human Behavior, 15, 655-665. Appelbaum, P.S., Grisso, T., Monahan, J., Mulvey, E.P., Robbins, P.C., Steadman, H.J. (2000). Developing a clinically useful actuarial tool for assessing violence risk. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 176(4), 312-319. Arrigo, B. A., Shipley, S. L. (2005). Introduction to Forensic Psychology: Issues and controversies in law, law enforcement and corrections. Blackburn, R. (1996). What is forensic psychology? Legal and Criminological Psychology, 1(1), 3-16. Bonnie, R. J. (1990). Grounds for professional abstention in capital cases. Law and Hu-man Behavior, 14, 99-104. Brodsky, S. L. (1990). Professional ethics and professional morality in the assessment of competence for execution: A response to Bonnie. Buskist, W., Carlson, N., Martin, N. (2000). Psychology: The Science of Human Behaviour . Essex, England: Pearson Education Ltd. Davies, G. M., Bull, R Westcott, H. L. (Eds.). (2003). Childrens testimony: A handbook of psychological research and forensic practice (Vol. 45). John Wiley Sons. Colman, A.M. (1995). Testifying in Court as an Expert Witness. The British Psychological Society. Dubin W.R, Ning A. Violence toward mental health professionals. In: Simon RI, Tardiff K, eds. (2008). Textbook of Violence Assessment and Management. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Eells, T.D. (2007). Handbook of Psychotherapy Case Formulation (2nd edition). New york: Guilford Press. Haward, L.R.C. (1979). The psychologist as expert witness. In D.P. Farrington., K. Hawkins S.M.A Lloyd-Bostock (eds), psychology, law and legal processes. London: Macmillan. Home Office. (2003). Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System, Section 95 Report, London: Home Office. (2005), Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System, Section 95 Report, London: Home Office. Kalmbach, K. C., Lyons, P. M. (2006). Ethical issues in conducting forensic evaluations. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 2(3), 261-288.

Romeo And Juliet: The Theme Of Death :: essays research papers

Romeo and Juliet: The Theme of Death Slash, cling, clank these are the sounds that are heard in a sword fight as a man is killed. In the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare the theme death is portrayed many times by the characters Marcutio, Romeo, and Juliet. The first instance of the theme death was in act 3 when Marcutio challenged Tybalt to a sword fight. "Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find a grave man."(Act three, scene 1, line 104.) Also as Marcutio is dying he says "Help me into some house, Benvolio, Or I shall Faint." (Act 3, scene 1, line 113.) Both these quotes show how Marcutio portrayed the theme death. Second, Romeo is the next to portray the theme death. Now in Act 5, this is the time that Romeo shows the theme death. He has heard of Juliet's death and is so heartbroken that he goes to an apothecary to get poison so he can join Juliet in heaven. "To Juliet's grave; for there must I use thee." (Act 5, scene 1, line 93). Second when Romeo is about to drink the poison he says, "Here's to my love! [Drinks.] O true apothecary! Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die. [Falls.]" (Act 5, scene 3, line 122). These quote show how Romeo loves Juliet. So much he will die to be with her." The next quotes show how Juliet's feelings are mutual to Romeo's. After Juliet wakes up from her death like coma she sees Romeo's dead corpse and notices that he had never got the message from the friar. "O churl! Drunk all, and left no friendly drop to help me after? I will kiss his lips. Haply some poison yet doth hang on them. To make me die with a restorative." The next quote shows how the poison has no effect on Juliet, and how she is so desperate to be with Romeo she will stab herself. "O happy dagger! [Snatches Romeo's dagger.] This is thy sheath; there rust, and let me die. [She stabs

The Impostor Syndrome :: Gender Women Papers

The Impostor Syndrome Professor Martine Haas, Organizational Behavior, Cornell University, gave an example of a woman named Vignette who was giving presentations and had to monitor herself in a male dominated setting. She avoided raising her voice at certain times in order not to sound too assertive because she is a woman. Vignette hasn't been the only female or woman who has been faced with this situation. Aside from this type of impression management, there have been many circumstances where many successful women hesitate to take full credit for their success and accomplishments. They often feel insecure, attribute their accomplishments to something other than their own efforts such as luck and often get thrown into a state of paranoia that people will doubt their competency. This is known as the "imposter syndrome." Susan Schenkel, author of â€Å"Giving Away Success† says â€Å"there are many ways we discount ourselves. Three of the most common patterns are: 1) emphasizing the negative 2) automatically attributing success to something other than ability, and 3) automatically blaming failure on lack of ability† (Schenkel, 6). Schenkel explains how women also end up being susceptible to falling into helplessness as a result of uncontrollability, which is the belief that nothing can be done to rectify their current state of misfortunes. As a result they end up withdrawing, for example, stopping, quitting or escaping from making ardent efforts to deal with their existing problems. A second thing they tend to do is to avoid getting into tough situations. They do this by shying away from confrontation with the difficulty they feel unable or unwilling to handle (Schenkel, 19). As a result of this helplessness disrupts behavior such as undermining motivation, interfering with ability to l earn and creating emotional distress (Schenkel, p. 24). Another aspect of this imposter syndrome is fear of failure, where women sometimes get terrified of being judged and found unqualified (Schenkel, 55). When the fear of failure is combined with other behavioral patterns, a resulting consequence is anxiety. This is where women tend to have â€Å"split self-image† which is â€Å"an ongoing battle between positive and negative views of our ability† (Schenkel, 63). Secondly there is a superfluous desire and concern to win approval of others. Lastly, they tend to evaluate themselves and their experiences as either good or bad and with nothing in between (Schenkel, 65). In an attempt to prevent experiencing failure, women make cumbersome efforts to establish extremely high standards and goals for themselves and work indefatigably to meet them (Schenkel, 66).

His Girl Friday: An Analysis Essay

The 1940 film His Girl Friday is often described as one of the best screwball comedies ever made. Howard Hawks has succeeded in making this film a classic; the movie always being referenced as one of the best in its genre. Though this success, of course, was made possible by the teamwork of all the people who participated in the film, mostly, it was Hawks’ auteur vision that guaranteed the film’s triumph. His Girl Friday is actually a remake of Lewis Milestone’s The Front Page (1931). Hawks treated the original film differently by making a gender swap of one of the main characters in the film. The character Hildegard Johnson (played by Rosalind Russell) is actually a male lead reporter in the first movie; Hawks revamped the entire story by making the character in the second film a woman, adding a love angle to the film’s plot. Hawks’ auteur vision made it possible to twist the entire film, adding flavor to its narrative form. Hawks’ decision to make a gender swap in the film was one of the formulas that led to its critical success. After seeing His Girl Friday, it is almost hard to imagine Hildy as a guy as he was one in the original movie, especially that the cast had done a good job in making their characters as realistic as possible. Not only that it added an entire new sub-plot to the film, the gender swap also added spice in the sense that it ensured the advancement of actions in each scene. But perhaps the one thing most noticeable about the film is its speed – the witty, overlapping and almost spontaneous exchange of dialogues between characters (Bordwell and Thompson 385). The fast-paced plot that makes its audience gasping for air in each of its scenes, everything gearing up to meet its deadline, is perhaps the greatest thing in the movie. Technically, the plot is simple, and yet Hawks managed to bring life out of its simplicity by bringing much energy into the film.